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Intelligence gathering is often seen as cloak-and-dagger secret spying, but the bulk of intelligence work involves undramatic searches of open sources such as radio broadcasts, newspapers, journals and commercial databases. This is known as OSINT, or open-source intelligence.
서울흥신소The first step in the intelligence process, planning and direction, includes identifying information requirements, translating them into observables, and preparing collection plans to meet those requirements.
Gathering Information
Intelligence gathering is the process of acquiring raw information. This includes both open source and confidential sources. Open sources include governmental public records, media reports, the Internet and periodicals. Although often underestimated, open source collection is a vital part of an intelligence unit’s analytical capabilities.
Confidential sources include overt and covert human intelligence. The collection of this type of intelligence is known as HUMINT. HUMINT has a negative reputation due to its association with espionage and clandestine activities. However, HUMINT is an important source of intelligence. Adversary intelligence organizations value the United States’ preeminence in high-technology industries, and thus have targeted American businessmen, diplomats, military attaches and scientists for HUMINT.
Another type of intelligence gathering is electronic surveillance. Civilian and law enforcement agencies use this method to gather information about individuals that are suspected of criminal activity, such as drug dealing or illegal gambling. This information is then used to prosecute those involved in such activity.
Once a list of intelligence requirements (IRs) has been established, an intelligence collection plan (ICP) is created. This is a document that serves as the guide for information gathering and provides a single point of contact for the status of the IRs. An ICP identifies the type and scope of data that will be collected in order to meet the intelligence needs.
Analysis
Intelligence analysis 서울흥신소 involves a careful review of the information collected to confirm its accuracy and reliability. This process is important in reducing the chance of erroneous conclusions or susceptibility to deception. In the case of crime prevention, this may involve monitoring current criminal activities or predicting future trends in the area of criminal activity.
The goal of intelligence gathering is to prevent crime and other threats to human life, property or the environment. This is accomplished by identifying and monitoring current criminal activity, providing decision makers with warnings of possible threats to public safety or order, and forecasting developments in the area of criminal activity.
HUMINT, or human intelligence, is a major source of information in the field of intelligence. Though the work of classic espionage agents remains an important part of this effort, overt collection methods have become increasingly important with the rise of technical devices such as satellites and a variety of sensing, detection and acoustic instruments.
OSINT, or open-source intelligence, is another major source of information for intelligence agencies. It refers to publicly available information such as news stories in the media, commercial databases and information on the Internet. This type of information can be useful for security professionals, such as those working in the business security field, to identify vulnerabilities on properties they are hired to protect.
Dissemination
Intelligence is a process of collection, collation, evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation. This process provides a State or an adversary with information that furthers its national security interests. Often, the intelligence collected by an adversary is used to counter U.S. intelligence capabilities, and these efforts are accelerated by the availability of technologies that empower adversaries to detect, deny, disrupt and deceive IC collection.
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is the use of public, unclassified, and semi-public sources for gathering information about a target. This can include searching resumes, job postings, blogs and social networks, credit reports and more. OSINT can also be used to track a person or a company by their physical location.
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) includes the capture and acquisition of signals, including radio communications and a target’s naval equipment and operations. It also includes the identification of that target by its signature. For example, during the Cold War the United States employed electronic scavengers on ships and planes, listening posts in embassies and military installations, and orbiting satellites to gather information about Soviet naval communications and a target’s submarines and equipment, including their unique noise signature.
Imagery Intelligence is a specialized branch of SIGINT, focused on the acquisition and production of imagery products. It utilizes a variety of sensors and platforms to obtain a range of data, which is then processed to produce high-resolution imagery products. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) manages all classified and unclassified imagery intelligence activities within the IC.
Evaluation
Despite the public image of cloak-and-dagger secret agents and eavesdropping, most intelligence work involves the relatively undramatic task of sifting through open sources such as radio broadcasts and publications of all kinds. This can involve scouring reports from diplomats, businessmen and accredited military attaches in quiet offices. It may also involve reading scientific and military journals to identify potential capability gaps that could be exploited by an adversary.
After identifying intelligence requirements, intelligence collectors are then given specific tasking to gather information within a certain time frame. This is done through the development of a collection plan (ICP) that is designed to meet the requirements as quickly as possible. This includes developing redundancy in the form of different intelligence disciplines working on similar collections goals. This ensures that if one type of information gathering fails to deliver, another can pick up the slack.
For pentesters, establishing levels helps to define the scope of the reconnaissance phase of a penetration test. Whether the target is a PCI compliant widget manufacturer or an advanced government entity, the level of intelligence gathering should be matched to the target’s needs.
It is essential to have an ICP and to update it regularly. This makes it easier to track progress against an IR and helps those who report to management or customers to show they have a complete picture of the intelligence process at work.